OneCoin Scam Cryptocurrency Ponzi and Pyramid Scheme

OneCoin was a $4 billion fraudulent cryptocurrency Ponzi and pyramid scheme that operated globally between 2014 and 2019. Founded by Ruja Ignatova (the "Cryptoqueen") and Karl Sebastian Greenwood, the project pitched itself as a lucrative rival to Bitcoin. In reality, the cryptocurrency possessed no underlying blockchain technology, and its value was completely fabricated by the company using an internal SQL database.

How the Scam Worked

Fake Blockchain: OneCoin used a simulated computer database rather than a true, decentralized ledger. No genuine mining or transactions ever took place.
Pyramid Structure: Investors bought "educational packages" ranging from hundreds to thousands of euros. These packages contained tokens to "mine" OneCoins.
MLM Commissions: Members were paid commissions using funds from newer investors to recruit friends and family, satisfying the definition of a textbook Ponzi scheme.
Arbitrary Pricing: While legitimate crypto prices shift based on market demand, OneCoin's creators manually and artificially inflated the coin’s internal value to make it look highly profitable.

Current Status and Convictions

Following global investigations, key figures in the OneCoin scheme have faced legal action:

Karl Sebastian Greenwood: Sentenced to 20 years in prison in September 2023 and ordered to pay $300 million in forfeiture.
Ruja Ignatova: Fled in 2017, remains on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list, with a $5 million reward offered.
Mark Scott & Irina Dilkinska: Convicted for their roles in laundering and compliance, receiving prison sentences of 10 years and 4 years, respectively.