While cybersecurity has been an issue for a long time, the high-profile breaches and personal attacks have left people more engaged on the topic than ever before. One of the foundational elements of cybersecurity is antivirus software, yet it’s something too many of us go without or without updating.
Forbes reported malware increased 358% in 2020. Viruses are just one type of malware. Seventy-five percent of small and medium-sized businesses reported being affected by a minimum of one virus last year. Around 33% of household computers are infected with malware, and more than half of those infections are viruses.
The following is a general rundown of what antivirus software is and how it works.
What is a Virus?
A computer virus replicates itself, spreading from device to device. As is the case with a virus in humans, malware needs a host to reproduce. That means a user needs to open an infected program or file for malware to spread.
Your computer or device can crash, or cybercriminals can steal private information or send spam. It’s also possible to take over your entire system. Then, they can make it appear a device is being used from a different location, creating additional security problems.
Along with viruses, which are a piece of code, there are worms. Worms are malware computer programs that also replicate, and they usually spread to other devices through a network.
The Basics
While the specifics can vary depending on the provider and platform, in general, antivirus software scans files on your computer for certain patterns that could indicate the presence of malicious software. Malicious software is also known as malware.
Anti-virus software is sometimes called anti-malware software.
Vendors of antivirus software update it regularly, based on the malware threats detected at any given time.
Most antivirus software solutions include automatic scans, and you can opt to do manual scans.
With automatic scans, the antivirus software is configured to scan certain files or directories in real-time automatically. You may be prompted at specific intervals to do full scans.
With manual scans, you can, for example, save and scan email attachments or downloads instead of directly opening them from the source.
Antivirus software will check your devices and programs, comparing them to known types of malware. Antivirus software also scans the device for behaviors that could indicate an unknown malware.
Most types of antivirus programs will use three different processes to scan.
There’s specific detection. Specific detection looks for malware that’s already known based on a set of characteristics.
Generic detection looks for malware variants of known types, and then heuristic detection scans for previously unknown viruses based on file structures or suspicious behaviors.
The Benefits
Antivirus software protects devices, including desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones. They can also protect things like your documents and photos. The benefits of good antivirus software include:
- Detection and blocking of not just viruses and malware but also ransomware.
- Removal of viruses, ransomware, and malware.
- Prevention of identity theft and blocking fraud and phishing attempts.
- Warning you about potentially dangerous or malicious websites or links before you click on them.
- Scans of the Dark Web to see if the information is compromised.
- Some feature secure password encryption.
- Helps to keep your computer operating smoothly and efficiently.
Essentially, when you have antivirus software, it’s going to protect your devices from any type of malware that could get into your system and wreak havoc. The best antivirus solutions safeguard against phishing attacks, which are increasingly prevalent and sophisticated.
They can also monitor what’s happening on your devices to prevent identity theft.
If antivirus software finds malware, it may ask you if you want to clean the file, or it may automatically remove threats.
Symptoms of an Infection
If you don’t have antivirus software or don’t keep it updated as necessary, signs that you have an infected device can include that it operates slower than normal, or popups often show up when you’re offline and online.
You may have slow programs, don’t open or close unexpectedly. Your browser may not show all of a website or any of it, and you could have problems when trying to recognize external hardware.
Blue screens with an error code can also be a symptom of an infected device.
Antivirus software isn’t infallible, but it is an important, necessary component of protecting yourself and your business against cybersecurity threats. You significantly reduce the risk of cyberthreats when you have good antivirus solutions in place.
Online Threat Alerts Security Tips
Pay the safest way
Credit cards are the safest way to pay for online purchases because you can dispute the charges if you never get the goods or services or if the offer was misrepresented. Federal law limits your liability to $50 if someone makes unauthorized charges to your account, and most credit card issuers will remove them completely if you report the problem promptly.
Guard your personal information
In any transaction you conduct, make sure to check with your state or local consumer protection agency and the Better Business Bureau (BBB) to see if the seller, charity, company, or organization is credible. Be especially wary if the entity is unfamiliar to you. Always call the number found on a website’s contact information to make sure the number legitimately belongs to the entity you are dealing with.
Be careful of the information you share
Never give out your codes, passwords or personal information, unless you are sure of who you're dealing with
Know who you’re dealing with
Crooks pretending to be from companies you do business with may call or send an email, claiming they need to verify your personal information. Don’t provide your credit card or bank account number unless you are actually paying for something and know who you are sending payment to. Your social security number should not be necessary unless you are applying for credit. Be especially suspicious if someone claiming to be from a company with whom you have an account asks for information that the business already has.
Check your accounts
Regularly check your account transactions and report any suspicious or unauthorised transactions.
Don’t believe promises of easy money
If someone claims that you can earn money with little or no work, get a loan or credit card even if you have bad credit, or make money on an investment with little or no risk, it’s probably a scam. Oftentimes, offers that seem too good to be true, actually are too good to be true.
Do not open email from people you don’t know
If you are unsure whether an email you received is legitimate, try contacting the sender directly via other means. Do not click on any links in an email unless you are sure it is safe.
Think before you click
If an email or text message looks suspicious, don’t open any attachments or click on the links.
Verify urgent requests or unsolicited emails, messages or phone calls before you respond
If you receive a message or a phone call asking for immediate action and don't know the sender, it could be a phishing message.
Be careful with links and new website addresses
Malicious website addresses may appear almost identical to legitimate sites. Scammers often use a slight variation in spelling or logo to lure you. Malicious links can also come from friends whose email has unknowingly been compromised, so be careful.
Secure your personal information
Before providing any personal information, such as your date of birth, Social Security number, account numbers, and passwords, be sure the website is secure.
Stay informed on the latest cyber threats
Keep yourself up to date on current scams by visiting this website daily.
Use Strong Passwords
Strong passwords are critical to online security.
Keep your software up to date and maintain preventative software programs
Keep all of your software applications up to date on your computers and mobile devices. Install software that provides antivirus, firewall, and email filter services.
Update the operating systems on your electronic devices
Make sure your operating systems (OSs) and applications are up to date on all of your electronic devices. Older and unpatched versions of OSs and software are the target of many hacks. Read the CISA security tip on Understanding Patches and Software Updates for more information.
What if You Got Scammed?
Stop Contact With The Scammer
Hang up the phone. Do not reply to emails, messages, or letters that the scammer sends. Do not make any more payments to the scammer. Beware of additional scammers who may contact you claiming they can help you get your lost money back.
Secure Your Finances
- Report potentially compromised bank account, credit or debit card information to your financial institution(s) immediately. They may be able to cancel or reverse fraudulent transactions.
- Notify the three major credit bureaus. They can add a fraud alert to warn potential credit grantors that you may be a victim of identity theft. You may also want to consider placing a free security freeze on your credit report. Doing so prevents lenders and others from accessing your credit report entirely, which will prevent them from extending credit:
- Equifax
- Experian
- TransUnion
Check Your Computer
If your computer was accessed or otherwise affected by a scam, check to make sure that your anti-virus is up-to-date and running and that your system is free of malware and keylogging software. You may also need to seek the help of a computer repair company. Consider utilizing the Better Business Bureau’s website to find a reputable company.
Change Your Account Passwords
Update your bank, credit card, social media, and email account passwords to try to limit further unauthorized access. Make sure to choose strong passwords when changing account passwords.
Report The Scam
Reporting helps protect others. While agencies can’t always track down perpetrators of crimes against scammers, they can utilize the information gathered to record patterns of abuse which may lead to action being taken against a company or industry.
Report your issue to the following agencies based on the nature of the scam:
- Local Law Enforcement: Consumers are encouraged to report scams to their local police department or sheriff’s office, especially if you lost money or property or had your identity compromised.
- Federal Trade Commission: Contact the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) at 1-877-FTC-HELP (1-877-382-4357) or use the Online Complaint Assistant to report various types of fraud, including counterfeit checks, lottery or sweepstakes scams, and more.
- Identitytheft.gov: If someone is using your personal information, like your Social Security, credit card, or bank account number, to open new accounts, make purchases, or get a tax refund, report it at www.identitytheft.gov. This federal government site will also help you create your Identity Theft Report and a personal recovery plan based on your situation. Questions can be directed to 877-ID THEFT.
How To Recognize a Phishing Scam
Scammers use email or text messages to try to steal your passwords, account numbers, or Social Security numbers. If they get that information, they could get access to your email, bank, or other accounts. Or they could sell your information to other scammers. Scammers launch thousands of phishing attacks like these every day — and they’re often successful.
Scammers often update their tactics to keep up with the latest news or trends, but here are some common tactics used in phishing emails or text messages:
Phishing emails and text messages often tell a story to trick you into clicking on a link or opening an attachment. You might get an unexpected email or text message that looks like it’s from a company you know or trust, like a bank or a credit card or utility company. Or maybe it’s from an online payment website or app. The message could be from a scammer, who might
- say they’ve noticed some suspicious activity or log-in attempts — they haven’t
- claim there’s a problem with your account or your payment information — there isn’t
- say you need to confirm some personal or financial information — you don’t
- include an invoice you don’t recognize — it’s fake
- want you to click on a link to make a payment — but the link has malware
- say you’re eligible to register for a government refund — it’s a scam
- offer a coupon for free stuff — it’s not real
About Online Threat Alerts (OTA)
Online Threat Alerts or OTA is an anti-cybercrime community that started in 2012. OTA alerts the public to cyber crimes and other web threats.
By alerting the public, we have prevented a lot of online users from getting scammed or becoming victims of cybercrimes.
With the ever-increasing number of people going online, it important to have a community like OTA that continuously alerts or protects those same people from cyber-criminals, scammers and hackers, who are every day finding new ways of carrying out their malicious activities.
Online users can help by reporting suspicious or malicious messages or websites to OTA. And, if they want to determine if a message or website is a threat or scam, they can use OTA's search engine to search for the website or parts of the message for information.
Help maintain Online Threat Alerts (OTA).